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{{Infobox_President | name=Vicente Fox Quesada| nationality=Mexican| image= Vicente Fox flag.jpg| order= President of Mexico, [2000, [2006| successor=[Felipe Calderón, [Mexico (2001-Present)
Lilian de la Concha (1970-1990)| party= () [National Action Party (Mexico)| religion=Roman Catholic| term_start2=1995| term_end2=2000| predecessor2=[Carlos Medina Plascencia| birth_date=-->

Vicente Fox Quesada (born [July 2 1942) was the President of Mexico of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. He is currently Co-President (with Pier Ferdinando Casini) of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian Democracy political parties (which includes Mexico's National Action Party (Mexico) as a member). http://www.cdi-idc.org/news/newsdetail.php?hoofdmenuID=4&newsID=15&submenuID=49&PHPSESSID=809252cb4f10b72aeb8bcc2da4450cdd

Fox was elected President of Mexico in the Mexican general election, 2000, an historically significant election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Álvaro Obregón in 1920. The 2000 election was also significant because it was the first presidential election since the end of the Mexican Revolution to be generally considered competitive and fair. He was elected with 42 percent of the vote, marking the first time that the then-dominant Institutional Revolutionary Party had lost a presidential election.

After serving as president of Mexico for six years, President Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato, where he resides with his wife and family. In addition to his newfound duties with the Centrist Democrat International, Vicente Fox has been involved in public speaking and the construction of the Fox Center, Mexico's first presidential library.http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-fox_wedsep19,1,3657696.story

Personal life Early life and education Vicente Fox was born in Mexico City on July 2 1942, the second of nine children. His father was José Luis Fox Pont, an American citizenand his mother was Mercedes Quesada Etxaide, a Basque immigrant from San Sebastián. His paternal grandfather, José Luis Fox Flach, was born Joseph Louis Fuchs in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, son of Germany Catholic immigrants Louis Fuchs and Catherina Elisabetha Flach.

It was believed that Vicente Fox's grandfather was of Irish descent, but the Cincinnati Federal Census records (1850, 1860) show that he was of German descent. The Fuchs ('fox' in German) family changed the spelling of their last name to Fox after 1870. In 1890, Joseph L. Fox worked as a shipping clerk for Emerson & Fisher, the carriage makers. Ancestry.com. Cincinnati, Ohio Directory, 1890-91 on-line. Provo, UT, USA: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2000. Original data: Cincinnati, OH, USA: Williams & Co., 1890. Given the company's failure,"A Microcosmic history of the Carriage Industry of the United States.", A few leading Carriage centers. Hub, October 1897, pages 420-430. and Cincinnati's economic stagnation, Joseph emigrated in 1898 to the nearest region that welcomed Catholic immigrants, Mexico, and changed the spelling of his name to José Luis Fox Flach. In 1915 he purchased a ranch in San Francisco del Rincón in Guanajuato, since then the Fox family seat.

Fox spent his childhood and adolescence at the family ranch. He moved back to Mexico City to attend the Universidad Iberoamericana where he pursued a business degree until 1964 and obtained a diploma in Top Management Skills from the Business School of Harvard University.

President of Coca-Cola Mexico In 1964, he went to work for The Coca-Cola Company where he started as a route supervisor and drove a delivery truck. He quickly rose in the company to become supervisor of Coca-Cola's operations in Mexico, and later in all of Latin America. As President of Coca Cola Mexico, Vicente Fox helped oust Pepsi as Mexico's top-selling soft drink, increasing Coca-Cola's sales by almost 50%.

Marriage Vicente Fox married a receptionist at Coca-Cola, Lilian de la Concha. They adopted four children, Ana Cristina, Vicente, Paulina and Rodrigo. In 1990, after 20 years of marriage, Lilian filed for divorce.

Vicente Fox married for the second time while in office. He married Marta Sahagún (until then his spokesperson) on July 2 2001, the first anniversary of his presidential election and his 59th birthday. For both, this was their second marriage.

Early political career After retiring from Coca-Cola, Vicente Fox began to participate in various public activities in Guanajuato, where he created the Patronato de la Casa Cuna Amigo Daniel to provide children with medical care. He was president of Patronato Loyola, a sponsor of the León, Guanajuato campus of the Universidad Iberoamericana and the Lux Institute.

With the support of Manuel Clouthier, Vicente Fox joined the PAN on March 1 1988. That same year he ran for and was elected as a member of the congress representing the III Federal District in Guanajuato. During this period, he was the Coordinator of the Farming Commissions of the PAN fraction.

Governor of Guanajuato After serving in the Congress of Mexico, Fox returned to Guanajuato to seek the governorship. In 1991, he sought the position of governor of Guanajuato but lost to Ramón Aguirre Velázquez of the PRI. Following the election, local discontent was so great that the state Congress appointed Carlos Medina Plasencia of the National Action Party (PAN) as interim governor. Four years later, Fox decided to run again and was elected governor with a large margin at the age of 52. According to Mexico’s Federal Electoral Institute, the result was 58% for Fox, to 32% for the candidate of the PRI. Vicente Fox won a largest landslide victory for opposition party in Mexican history

Since Vicente Fox was elected governor of Guanajuato, the state continues to be governed by candidates of Fox’s party, the PAN.

Campaign for President In 2000, Vicente Fox decided to run for President of Mexico. In spite of opposition within his party, Fox secured his candidacy representing the Alliance for Change, a political coalition formed by the National Action Party and the Ecological Green Party of Mexico. During the course of his campaign a presidential debate was organized. There was a disagreement between the three main contenders, Fox, Francisco Labastida of the PRI and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the PRD, and some of the arguments were broadcast on national television, notably the one on whether the debate should be held that same day or the following Friday Encyclopedia.com. For minutes, Fox kept repeating the word "Hoy" meaning "today", originating the famous phrase "hoy, hoy, hoy!". The other candidates decided to postpone the debate, but Fox used that day's airtime anyway. At first the action brought criticism to Fox, but it soon backfired against his opponents when Fox started using his new phrase to gain new supporters as he campaigned for a better future "today". He claimed that his opponents wanted to leave everything for tomorrow, including Mexico's problems Journal Sentinel, July 28 2001.

During the presidential debate Francisco Labastida, his main opponent, claimed in a nationally televised debate that Vicente Fox had repeatedly called him a "sissy" and a "cross-dresser".http://us-mex.irc-online.org/borderlines/updater/2000/june30Elect.html

His campaign slogans were "Hoy, hoy, hoy!" ("Today, today, today!"), "Ya ganamos" ("We won" or "We've already won") and "Vota Alianza por el Cambio" meaning "Vote for Alliance for Change".

Amigos de Fox Amigos de Fox ("Friends of Fox") was a non-profit fund raising group that was instrumental in getting Vicente Fox elected President of Mexico. The phrase was also used as a campaign slogan referring to the millions of people supporting Fox in the 2000 presidential elections. LaRaza.com

In 2003, money-laundering charges were lodged against the fund raising group, but were dropped a fortnight before the July 2003 mid-term elections. AlertNet.org

Election results On July 2 2000, the day of his 58th birthday, Vicente Fox won the presidential election with 43% (15,989,636 votes) of the popular vote, followed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Francisco Labastida with 36% (13,579,718 votes), and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) with 17% (6,256,780 votes). Vicente Fox declared victory that same night, a victory which was ratified by President Zedillo. After the final results were announced, President-elect Vicente Fox met with thousands of supports at the El Ángel monument in Mexico City, to address his supporters and celebrate his victory. His opponents conceded the election later that night.

President-elect Vicente Fox received an enormous amount of media coverage, as well as many congratulating messages and phone calls from world leaders including the President of the United States at the time, Bill Clinton.

Fox administration Cabinet {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="float: left; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px solid #000000;font-size:85%;" align="left"|-|align="left"|OFFICE||align="left"|NAME||align="left"|TERM|-!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3" ||-|align="left"|President of Mexico||align="left" |Vicente Fox Quesada||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Secretary of the Interior (Mexico)||align="left"|Santiago Creel Miranda
Carlos María Abascal Carranza||align="left"|2000–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)||align="left"|Jorge Castañeda
Luis Ernesto Derbez]||align="left"|Alejandro Gertz Manero
Ramón Martín Huerta
Eduardo Medina-Mora Icaza||align="left"|2000–2004
2004–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Attorney General of Mexico||align="left"|Rafael Macedo de la Concha
Daniel Cabeza de Vaca]||align="left"|Julio Frenk]||align="left"|Reyes Tamez]||align="left"|Luis Ernesto Derbez
Fernando Canales Clariond
Sergio García de Alba]||align="left"|Carlos María Abascal Carranza
Francisco Javier Salazar Sáenz||align="left"|2000–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Agriculture||align="left"|[Ernesto Martens
Felipe Calderón
Fernando Elizondo Barragán
Fernando Canales Clariond]||align="left"|Francisco Gil Díaz]||align="left"|Pedro Cerisola]||align="left"|Gerardo Clemente Vega ]||align="left"|Marco Antonio Peyrot||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Jefatura del Estado Mayor Presidencial||align="left"|José Armando Tamayo García||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Secretary of Social Development (Mexico)||align="left"|Josefina Vázquez Mota
Ana Teresa Aranda]||align="left"|Víctor Lichtinger
Alberto Cárdenas Jiménez
José Luis Luege]||align="left"|Leticia Navarro
Rodolfo Elizondo Torres]
Eduardo Romero Ramos||align="left"|2000–2003
2003–2006|}

In contrast with his predecessors, El gabinete de Fox by La Revista Peninsular, "Muchos empresarios, pocos panistas y menos mujeres, conforman un gabinete que rompe de tajo la tradición de hacer de estos puestos el pináculo de una carrera partidista-burocrática." President Fox chose the members of his cabinet through headhuntings. El Gabinete Foxista by Grupo Reforma (In Spanish, Requires Subscription) "Se contrató a cuatro empresas especializadas en la búsqueda de talentos al más alto nivel, que propusieron cerca de 400 candidatos; luego un comité hizo una evaluación previa y finalmente presentaron 120 candidatos con características sobresalientes de acuerdo con sus áreas de especialización y el perfil de solidez ética que había exigido Fox; sobre todo se buscó que tuvieran una gran capacidad de trabajar en equipo para acabar con los feudalismos anteriores. Muchos curricula fueron integrados a una base de datos, con una evaluación previa. Ciertas figuras que eran mencionadas en los diferentes medios tuvieron entrevistas con el comité de selección y algunos llegaron a la recta final, quedando fuera perfiles destacados, como Julio Boltvinik y otros." Fox y sus cazadores de cabezas by Milenio Diario, "La vida para las empresas de head hunters en México no es la misma desde hace poco más de una semana. Las oficinas de Korn/Ferry International, una firma especializada en la búsqueda de talento, ubicadas en Montes Urales, en Lomas de Chapultepec, nunca habían sido tan visitadas como ahora. ¿El motivo? Un anuncio publicado en la prensa nacional, en el que se informaba que la consultoría se encargaría de reclutar al personal necesario para integrar tanto el gabinete de Vicente Fox, como los recursos humanos de alto nivel que se requirieran en las diversas Secretarías de Estado. At the beginning of his term, Fox dubbed his Cabinet as "el gabinetazo" ("the Super Cabinet"), as a way to recognize the capacity of the Cabinet members. Un gabinete fragmentado by Octavio Islas in "Razon y Palabra" Magazzine; "Cada día podemos confirmar que el calificativo de "gabinetazo" que empleó el presidente Vicente Fox Quezada para destacar la capacidad de quienes asumirían los principales mandos en su administración, en realidad le quedó demasiado grande al amorfo grupo que logró conformar" Fox had originally stated that the Cabinet chosen at the beginning of his term would last 6 years, throughout his term, however, this did not happen. Los cambios en el gabinetazo by Televisa "Contratados por seis años, les dijo el Presidente. Pero varios no pudieron cumplir con este plazo.". One of the members of his cabinet was Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (subsequently elected President of Mexico), who served as Secretary of Energy for eight months, and resigned under pressure for his Presidential ambitions,http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=111534&tabla=nacionhttp://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=111545&tabla=nacion when competing for the nomination of his party against Secretary of the Interior, Santiago Creel.http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=118309&tabla=nacionhttp://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=117064&tabla=nacion

Economy Vicente Fox was one of the few Presidents to avoid a major economic upheaval during office. During the three decades before Fox was elected, Mexico experienced some level of economic devaluations at the end of three of the four presidential terms from 1970 to 1994, until Ernesto Zedillo who let the peso-dollar parity float at the beginning of his term (1994-2000). Zedillo inherited the office to Fox without any economic urgency. In 2006, Vicente Fox, like Zedillo did in 2000, left the office to his successor without any currency devaluation or other financial trouble.

According to Banco de México (Mexico's Central Bank), inflation rates during Fox term went from 11%, in January 2000, at the beginning of his term, to 4.05% on December 2006, at the end of his term. Throughout most of Fox' term, inflation was consistently below 6%, mostly around 4.5%. According to the Central Bank, inflation hadn't been as low as during Fox's term since before 1973 (the lowest inflation record between January 1973 and December of 1999 was above 6%, most frequently going in double, sometimes triple-digits). Indices de Precios al Consumidor published by Banco de México] Thanks to the Fox government's disciplined spending, Mexico created an estimated 1 million new jobs in 2006, a record.http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/stories/MYSA052607.01D.hendricks.2e038a2.html

GDP growth dropped from an average of 5.1% in the Zedillo's administration "Mexico's Domestic Economy", in Mexico's Democracy at Work: Political and Economic Dynamics, Crandall, Paz and Roett (editors) Lynne Reiner Publishers, United States to the lowest in a decade, an average of 2.2% during Fox's administration El Universal, June 21 2006.. According to Fox's first government report address (equivalent to the state of the union address in the United States) Primer Informe de Gobierno, September 1 2001., some sectors affected were mining ((-1.5% growth), manufacturing (-2.28% growth), and construction (-5.36%). At the same time the following sectors did not decrease: electricity, gas and water (1.76% growth), services (2.65%).

Fox's cabinet blamed the low growth on the slow-down of the Economy of the United States, but as this country started growing again in 2002-2003 Mexico did not grow at the same pace and was surpassed by China as the second import partner of the United States CIA Factbook on the United States.. Fox had promised growth of 7% during his campaign and blamed Congress for the low economic growth but his administration had foreseen growth of 3.4% even without the approval of structural reforms, especially fiscal reforms.

Tax revenue as a proportion of GDP fell from 10.6% at the beginning of his administration to 9.7% at the end of his termFoxEconomy. In contrast with previous administrations, debt as a proportion of GDP did not grow during Fox's termFoxEconomy.

Minimum wages during Fox increased at a nominal rate of 34% from $35.12 Mexican peso per day in January 2000 to $47.05 in December 2006. However, when translated to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), real wages during Fox decreased 3.8%, from $80.27 PPP pesos in January 2000, to $77.07 PPP pesos in December 2006. According to Banco de México, this compares favorably to previous administrations, for wages had decreased by 305% from $296.22 PPP pesos per day in January 1976, to $73.91 PPP pesos per day on December of 1999. Minimum wages had decreased, in real terms, an average of 38% per Presidential administration from 1976 to 2000.http://www.banxico.org.mx/SieInternet/consultarDirectorioInternetAction.do?accion=consultarCuadro&idCuadro=CL88§or=10&locale=es

During Vicente Fox's term, the number of registered taxpayers grew by 35%. According to data by the Tributary Administration Service, the main driver behind this increase was growth in salary-based workers, starting in 2004, and that amounted to a 217% rate of growth compared to 2000 for this group of taxpayers. The more than 12 million salary-based workers who are registered to pay tax constitute 56% of the taxpaying base. Registro de contribuyentes crece 35% en el sexenio de Fox by El Universal (Mexico City). "Registro Federal de Contribuyentes reportó un crecimiento de 35.37%, informó el Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT).El gran motor que impulsó la base de contribuyentes fue la incorporación masiva de asalariados que comenzó a partir de 2004. "A partir de 2004 se empezó a registrar a los asalariados, creciendo el padrón de RFC 217.57%, respecto del total de los contribuyentes registrados a diciembre de 2000", expuso el SAT. La información de la autoridad detalla que existen 12 millones 760 mil contribuyentes agrupados en asalariados, que constituyen 56% del total registrados."

Job creation stalled during the first four years of Fox's administration. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit La Jornada, May 21 2005 not only jobs were not created from 2000-2004 but the number of street vendors increased 40%. This workforce does not pay income or sales tax and significant minority of it participates on illicit activities such as smuggling of foreign goods and piracy. The latter grew during Fox's term to a multi-billion industry that produces 8 billion dollars a year La Jornada, February 22 2007.. Net sales of the clothing industry in Mexico is calculated at approximately 1,500 million dollars, of which 910 million dollars are from clothing smuggled into the country ManufacturaWeb..

The number of registered workers afiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute decreased from 11,026,370 in December 2000 to 10,881,160JobCreation. Unemployment increased from 2.7% in 2002 to 3.2 in 2003, and the number of non-payroll workers increased to 20 million people or roughly half of the population able to work. Jobs in maquiladoras decreased by 30% United Nations Development Programme, 2000-2003 Mexico report.

Housing was among Vicente Fox's top priorities. By 2006, the Infonavit, the federal fund for workers' housing, had 60% "market share" in the mortgage business, granting 435,000 credits a year, with an expected yearly growth of 24%. Pramerica Real Estate Investors

During Vicente Fox, the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores reached record highs throughout his Presidency. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico by El Universal (Mexico City) on December 11 2005. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico by El Universal (Mexico City) on January 7 2006. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico, gana 1.25% by El Universal (Mexico City) on April 29 2006. The record highs were caused by a better economic outlook throughout his term, larger international reserves, and a better debt rating that led to lower interest rates. El riesgo país de México se colocó en niveles mínimos by El Universal (Mexico City)

In 2002, Mexico reached a GDP per capita of 9,381 dollars per year and thus became a medium-high income country El Universal, México pasa de beneficiario a aportador del PNUD, May 9 2007.. Five years later, Mexico went from beneficiary to full contributor of the United Nations Development Programme.

Mexico suffered a drop in competitiveness during Fox's administration. In 2006, Mexico took the 56th place of 60 countries in the World Competitiveness Yearbook due to poor infrastructure and ease of doing business as well as the inability of reducing manufacturing costs such as electricity. ManufacturaWeb.. Regrettably the large investment in infrastructure in the country during Fox did not translate in lower costs for manufacturers. The efforts Fox's government did not produce the expected results because of a lack of coordination between government bodies. To address this in 2004, Fox launched an Economic Policy for Competitivity ("Política Económica para la Competitividad" or PEC) however, improvement in this area is expected only after the year 2013 ManufacturaWeb..

Human Development {| style="width: 18em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;" class="infobox"|-!align="center" bgcolor="lightblue" colspan="3"|Human Development Index (HDI)
in Mexico|-! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Year!align="center" style="background:#e9e9e9;" | HDI1!align="center" style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Annual increase (%)|-| 1975|align=right| 0.689|align=right| 1.335|-| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |1985| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right| 0.755| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right| 0.544|-| 1990|align=right| 0.764|align=right| 0.238|-| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |1995| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right|0.782| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right|0.471|-|2000|align=right|0.809|align=right|0.206|-| 2003| align=right|0.814 |-|-|colspan=3 style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|1 Source: United Nations Development Programme, 2005 Human Development Reports], 2005 Human Development Reports|-|}

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of living for countries worldwide. The table on the right shows the Human Development Index (HDI) of Mexico from 1975 to 2003 along with yearly percentage increases.

HDI improved in the first three years of the Fox administration 0.206% annually, the lowest increase in almost three decades. During the last year of the Zedillo administration Mexico reached for the first time in history, a HDI of 0.8 which is considered to represent high development.http://www.business.duq.edu/faculty/davies/research/hdi.pdf.

In addition, it is important to note that during the first three years of the presidency of Vicente Fox, many countries such as Canada, France and Great Britain, reported low increases and even some decreases while countries like Cuba HDI:Cuba surpassed Mexico at 0.817 as well as Costa Rica with a 0.838 HDI HDI:Costa Rica and Argentina with a 0.863 HDI HDI:Argentina., Brazil's HDI increased 1.17% from 2000 to 2003 HDI:Brazil while Mexico's HDI only increased 0.62% from 2000 to 2003.

According to Trinity University economics department Chairman Jorge Gonzalez, the Fox record on human development is remarkable and thanks to the thoughtful initiatives of President Fox, "Mexico is finally acting like a developed nation."http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/stories/MYSA052607.01D.hendricks.2e038a2.html

Relations with Congress In his inaugural speech, Vicente Fox said that with his Presidency started a new era of relations between the Separation of powers. "The President will propose, and the Congress will dispose", he said. This implied that, contrary to what was perceived of Presidents before him, Fox would respect the separation of powers and negotiate with Congress of Mexico any political reform that he wished to undertake "El Congreso Propone y el Congreso Dispone: las nuevas relaciones entre el ejecutivo y el legislativo en México by Benito Nacif of Universidad Iberoamericana.

The first major controversy between Fox and Congress occurred during the discussion of a comprehensive tax reform Comenzaron los jaloneos legislativos por la reforma fiscal by Proceso. that included a Value added tax#Mexico of 15% on food and medicine. Congress rejected the reform as proposed by Fox.

From then on, Fox's term was characterized by the strained relation between the Legislature and the Executive (government). Lawmakers from the opposition parties admitted they had a hard time dealing with Fox, while lawmakers from Fox's party claimed that there were "legislative excesses". Tormentosa, relación Ejecutivo-Legislativo con Fox: PRI y PAN by Diario de México

In his last annual state of the union address in September 2006, President Fox was prevented by leftist lawmakers from delivering his speech. He became the first president to not read his report before Congress and instead gave a televised address to the nation http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/09/01/mexico.protest.ap/index.html.

Foreign policy Before Vicente Fox, Mexico had a Foreign Policy "doctrine" known as the Estrada Doctrine, so named after its creator, Genaro Estrada (Secretary of Foreign Affairs during the Presidency of Pascual Ortiz Rubio). The Estrada Doctrine was a foreign policy directorate that favored an enclosed view of sovereignty. It claimed that foreign governments should not judge, for good or bad, governments or changes in governments in other nations, because it would imply a breach to its sovereignty "la doctrina Estrada dice que México no debe juzgar, ni para bien ni para mal, los gobiernos ni los cambios en el gobierno de otras naciones porque implicaría una intromisión en su soberanía." .

President Fox appointed Jorge Castañeda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico). Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the Castañeda Doctrine. The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of national involvement in Foreign Affairs. "La nueva diplomacia mexicana se definió con base en el cambio político inaugurado el 2 de julio del 2000 y en las transformaciones del mundo. Por tanto, México será activo en defensa de la democracia que le costó muchos años consolidar por la vía de la alternancia."

During Fox's term, Mexico actively sought (and gained) a temporary position in the UN Security Council.http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/election/2001/1009mexico.htm. However, Luis Ernesto Derbez, Fox's Secretary of Foreign Affairs after Castañeda, unsuccessfully ran for the Presidency of the Organization of American States which was lost to Chilean José Miguel Insulza.

Mexico hosted several international summits during Fox's administrationhttp://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/mexico/189139-1.html. In the Monterrey Summit of 2001, which ended in the adoption of the Monterrey Consensus, President Fox and his Foreign Relations cabinet were protagonists of one of the most serious diplomatic scandals of his administration. For the Summit, many heads of State where invited to the International Conference on Financing for Development. However, in the early stages of the meeting Cuban President Fidel Castro surprisingly stood and said that he was leaving the city because of a "a special situation created by my participation in this Summit". Fox repeatedly denied Castro's allegations that he was asked to leave the summit, as per the U.S. request.http://www.radioformula.com.mx/programas/lopezdoriga/articulos.asp?ID=9023 A few days after the incident, a recorded phone call between Fox and Castro where the Mexican president asks Castro to leave before George W. Bush arrived to the summit was leaked to the press.http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/518.cfm.

Relations with the United States , Fox and Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper stand in front of "El Castillo, Chichen Itza", Chichen Itza on Thursday, March 30 2006.In the opinion of editorialists in the media and think tanks like COHA, the Castañeda Doctrine was "overtly submissive" to the United States. COHA's opinion was based on Mexico's support of Guatemala for a seat in the UN Security council, instead of supporting Venezuela, the contending candidate for the seathttp://www.williambowles.info/americas/fox_chooses_us.html. Andres Manuel López Obrador criticized the "Castañeda Doctrine", saying that Mexico should not "get involved in the internal lives of other people, because we do not want other people involved in our internal lives" http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/02/AR2006030202221.html. Indeed, the new foreign policy doctrine openly invited other nations to scrutinize Mexican internal affairs, in contrast with the previously prevalent Estrada Doctrine, which was criticized as an excuse to negate foreign criticism on the previous establishment. Finally, José Galán, an editorialist in La Jornada, accused the Fox government of not doing enough to stop border violence against Mexican nationalshttp://www.jornada.unam.mx/2004/08/11/044n2soc.php?origen=soc-jus.php&fly=2. However, during the country's appointment to the UN Security Council, Mexico did not support the War in Iraq,http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/21/iraq/main545101.shtml damaging US-Mexico relations.http://www.usbc.org/info/newslet/BA0503.pdf#search='Vicente%20Fox%20criticism%20war%20Iraq'

During Fox's administration, Mexico pushed negotiations for a immigration reform that addressed the problem of illegal immigration to the United States. The issue has been called "The Whole Enchilada" by Fox's administration, and states that "immigration reform in the United States should address mutual border problems, the rights of undocumented immigrants, and the development of regions in Mexico that 'expel' migrants".http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32797. However, according to former U.S. embassador to Mexico Jeffrey Davidow, no formal negotiations occurred between the parties, all discussions on the subject were informal. http://www.elpais.es/articulo/reportajes/oso/puercoespin/elpdomrpj/20040104elpdmgrep_3/Tes/

The Immigration reform that Fox hoped to achieve included a Foreign worker, "The best thing that can happen to both our countries is to have an orderly flow, a controlled flow, of migration to the United States"http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-mexicofox_30int.ART.State.Edition2.e950034.html .This reform was supported by president Bush and approved by the U.S. Senate, however, the bill was rejected by the House of Representativeshttp://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/immigration;_ylt=A86.I1NlGTZEThIBNBxnr7sF;_ylu=X3oDMTA0cDJlYmhvBHNlYwM-. According to the Washington Post, the hopes for the approval of the bill are lower than ever and have been complicated by the recent approval of the SBI (Secure Border Initiative), a bill that includes building a 700 mile triple fence between the U.S. and Mexico.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/30/AR2006093000490.html

During Fox's presidency the net migration rate in Mexico increased 152% from -2.84 migrants per 1,000 habitants in 2000http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/2000/net_migration_rate.html to -4.32 in 2006; Mexico, The CIA factbook. comparably in the same period the population growth decreased 35% from 1.57%http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator_detail.cfm?IndicatorID=29&Country=MX to 1.16%. Fox, who has said to be "proud" of the Mexican Immigrants in the U.S.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/24/AR2006052402389.html has acknowledged the importance of remittances by both legal and illegal Mexican workers in the U.S. (now the #1 source of revenue for the country)http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/21/MNGFQIVNAF1.DTLhttp://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20030924-2051-us-mexico.html'; sparking criticism from U.S. conservatives that claim that Mexico advocates soft migration policies to continue the influx of foreign generated capital instead of promoting a healthier economy that offers better opportunities to Mexicans slowing migration to the UShttp://www.federalistjournal.com/fedblog/?p=2767http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico/Economy#Remittances

Relations with Latin American countries Fox created a plan to develop Central America, called the Plan Puebla Panama. He has been criticized for his support of it.http://www.iadb.org/ppp/http://www.projectcensored.org/publications/2004/16.html http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=3953

Vicente Fox had several controversies with Latin American countries such as with president of Cuba, Fidel Castro after the Monterrey Summit as well as the president of Argentina, Néstor Kirchner related to the FTAA during the 2005 Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas, and with Ricardo Lagos, then President of Chile regarding the new OAS Secretary General election, 2005 details and president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, about his presumed support for the U.S. president George W. Bush.

2005 Summit at Mar del Plata The Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas took place on November 4th and November 5 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Fox assisted with the other 33 presidents of countries in the Americas Mar del Plata Summit. Fox would attempt to reinitiate talks of support for the creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Fox viaja a Mar del Plata para darle fuerza al ALCA, November 2, 2005.. However, discussion on the FTAA was not in the agenda of the Summit.

Upon his arrival to Mar del Plata, Hugo Chávez, president of Venezuela declared Leave dissenters out of trade pact: Fox:"Today the FTAA is dead and we are going to bury it here. We are here to change the course of history.", Taipei Times, November 6, 2005.:

Fox responded that the FTAA could be created with all of the countries in the Americas with the exception of Venezuela or the countries of the Mercosur Título: Brazil's Lula: Doha Talks Take Precedence Over FTAA Close, November 6, 2005.

Marco Aurelio Garcia, one of the closest advisers to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, declared that Fox carried himself with haste in supporting the FTAA Brasil dice que Fox metió la pata en Mar del Plata, November 29, 2005.. Garcia declared that Fox's comment that the FTAA would be created with or without the Mercosur angered many. Fox did not applaud after Néstor Kirchner's presentation at the Summit, and when Fox attempted to bring the issue of the FTAA Kirchner that the FTAA was not the topic at hand at the Summit El cortocircuito entre Kirchner y Fox en las portadas de los diarios mexicanos, La Nación, November 9, 2005.. Fox responded to the press declaring that Kirchner was more concerned with pleasing people in his country than the success of the Summit. Kirchner replied that Fox should attend to the Mexicans because it was the Argentine people who voted for him.The parliamentary groups of the PAN, PRI, PRD and PVEM at the Senate of Mexico approve a motion to express their disillusionment about the performance of Fox and Derbez, his Secretary of Foreign Affairs, at the Summit Senado mexicano lamenta actuación de Fox en Mar del Plata, November 10, 2005.

Education, science, and technology According to René Drucker Colín, coordinator of basic science research for National Autonomous University of Mexico, "no other government in recent history has neglected research in the basic sciences as Fox's".http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/22/053n2soc.php Fox's plan for the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT, was that by 2006 this organization would receive 1% of the GDP, however the budget for this organization for FY 2006 was 0.33% of the GDP. http://gaceta.cicese.mx/ver.php?topico=especial&ejemplar=106&id=40 http://gaceta.cicese.mx/ver.php?topico=secciones&ejemplar=95&sid=3&id=1474&n=Pol%C3%ADtica%20Cient%C3%ADfica . Federal Government investment on Research and development in 2004 was 0.41% in Mexico versus 0.95% in Brazil and 0.6% in Chile Gasto en desarrollo e investigación, El Universal, March 16 2007..

José Vasconcelos Library The José Vasconcelos Library, labeled by the press as the "Megabiblioteca" ("megalibrary"), is considered the largest investment in infrastructure in the Fox administration. The library is spread on 38,000 square meters Arranca la megabiblioteca, May 11, 2006. and had an initial planned cost of 954 million pesos (roughly 98 million dollars) En orden los recursos de Biblioteca Vasconcelos: CAPFCE, April 4, 2006..

Fox inaugurated the Library May 16, 2006 declaring that this is one of the most advanced constructions of the 21st century, and it would be spoken of throughout the world Inaugura Fox megabiblioteca "José Vasconcelos", May 16, 2006.. This inauguration took place a week before the deadline the president had to promote his accomplishments before the 2006 presidential election La Biblioteca Vasconcelos, Universia, May 18, 2006.

The Library had to be closed down in March 2007 because of defects of construction La ASF pide fincar responsabilidad a funcionarios de Vicente Fox, March 30, 2007.. The Superior Auditor of the Federation detected 36 irregularities in its construction and issued 13 motions of responsibility for public servants of the federal government. Among the irregularities found was the misplacement of marble blocks at a cost of 15 million pesos (roughly 1.4 million dollars).

During the Calderón administration efforts to restore it continued with a further investment of 32 million pesos (roughly 30 million dollars) 32 mdp más a la ´megabiblioteca´, El Universal, May 31, 2007.

2006 presidential election Fox openly expressed his support to Felipe Calderón and his dislike towards his opponent populist Andrés Manuel López Obrador prior to and during the 2006 elections. On Chapter 14 of Luis Mandoki's ¿Quién es el señor López? documentary titled "Foxilandia" Who is Mr. López?, Chapter 14: "Foxilandia" Alfonso Durazo, Fox's former personal secretary, declared that no previous President was ever as active campaigning for candidates of his own party as was Fox. After Calderón's win, the elections were contested by López Obrador. The Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Federation declared the election to be clean but highlighted Fox's influence in it, declaring that it was the greatest irregularity in the election. Alfonsina Bertha Navarro, minister of the Electoral Tribunal, declared Injerencia de Fox, irregularidad mayor del proceso: magistrados, La Jornada, September 6, 2006.:

In August 2006, El Universal (Mexico City) polled 600 people in Mexico City, where López Obrador served as Head of Government from 2000 to 2005, and 59% believed that the 2006 elections were fraudulent and 63% believed votes should have been recounted Se opone al plantón 65% en DF: encuesta, El Universal, August 14, 2006.. In February 2007, Fox declared about the Desafuero of AMLO Fox: perdí una ante AMLO, pero me desquité, February 13, 2007.:

Social Conflicts Texcoco and San Salvador Atenco In 2001, Fox announced the construction of a 2.3 billion dollar international airport in the municipalities of Texcoco, México and San Salvador Atenco in the State of México to relieve congestion at the overcrowded Mexico City airport, the busiest in Latin America. This new airport would bring thousands of new jobs to an area ravaged by extreme poverty..

The proposed airport plan would relocate 4,375 families and convert 5,000 hectares of farmland A-Infos. Peasants from these areas resisted relocation and formed the Community Front in Defense of Land in 2002. Soon the protests turned violent and protesters held hostages and state forces had to be sent to negotiate their release, while Fox announced no change in plans had been considered Mexican Farmers Hold off Police in Airport Battle, July 14, 2002.. After the federal government's failure to negotiate with the farmers the plans for the new airport had to be canceled. The protesters, many of which wore black ski mask made famous by rebels in Chiapas became instant heroes to poor farmers nationwide. while journalists, like Sergio Sarmiento called this issue "the biggest failure" of Fox's tenure and declared:

This is in spite of the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. {{Infobox_President | name=Vicente Fox Quesada| nationality=Mexican| image= Vicente Fox flag.jpg| order= President of Mexico, [2000, [2006| successor=[Felipe Calderón, [Mexico (2001-Present)
Lilian de la Concha (1970-1990)| party= () [National Action Party (Mexico)| religion=Roman Catholic| term_start2=1995| term_end2=2000| predecessor2=[Carlos Medina Plascencia| birth_date=-->

Vicente Fox Quesada (born [July 2 1942) was the President of Mexico of Mexico from 2000 to 2006. He is currently Co-President (with Pier Ferdinando Casini) of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian Democracy political parties (which includes Mexico's National Action Party (Mexico) as a member). http://www.cdi-idc.org/news/newsdetail.php?hoofdmenuID=4&newsID=15&submenuID=49&PHPSESSID=809252cb4f10b72aeb8bcc2da4450cdd

Fox was elected President of Mexico in the Mexican general election, 2000, an historically significant election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Álvaro Obregón in 1920. The 2000 election was also significant because it was the first presidential election since the end of the Mexican Revolution to be generally considered competitive and fair. He was elected with 42 percent of the vote, marking the first time that the then-dominant Institutional Revolutionary Party had lost a presidential election.

After serving as president of Mexico for six years, President Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato, where he resides with his wife and family. In addition to his newfound duties with the Centrist Democrat International, Vicente Fox has been involved in public speaking and the construction of the Fox Center, Mexico's first presidential library.http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-fox_wedsep19,1,3657696.story

Personal life Early life and education Vicente Fox was born in Mexico City on July 2 1942, the second of nine children. His father was José Luis Fox Pont, an American citizenand his mother was Mercedes Quesada Etxaide, a Basque immigrant from San Sebastián. His paternal grandfather, José Luis Fox Flach, was born Joseph Louis Fuchs in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, son of Germany Catholic immigrants Louis Fuchs and Catherina Elisabetha Flach.

It was believed that Vicente Fox's grandfather was of Irish descent, but the Cincinnati Federal Census records (1850, 1860) show that he was of German descent. The Fuchs ('fox' in German) family changed the spelling of their last name to Fox after 1870. In 1890, Joseph L. Fox worked as a shipping clerk for Emerson & Fisher, the carriage makers. Ancestry.com. Cincinnati, Ohio Directory, 1890-91 on-line. Provo, UT, USA: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2000. Original data: Cincinnati, OH, USA: Williams & Co., 1890. Given the company's failure,"A Microcosmic history of the Carriage Industry of the United States.", A few leading Carriage centers. Hub, October 1897, pages 420-430. and Cincinnati's economic stagnation, Joseph emigrated in 1898 to the nearest region that welcomed Catholic immigrants, Mexico, and changed the spelling of his name to José Luis Fox Flach. In 1915 he purchased a ranch in San Francisco del Rincón in Guanajuato, since then the Fox family seat.

Fox spent his childhood and adolescence at the family ranch. He moved back to Mexico City to attend the Universidad Iberoamericana where he pursued a business degree until 1964 and obtained a diploma in Top Management Skills from the Business School of Harvard University.

President of Coca-Cola Mexico In 1964, he went to work for The Coca-Cola Company where he started as a route supervisor and drove a delivery truck. He quickly rose in the company to become supervisor of Coca-Cola's operations in Mexico, and later in all of Latin America. As President of Coca Cola Mexico, Vicente Fox helped oust Pepsi as Mexico's top-selling soft drink, increasing Coca-Cola's sales by almost 50%.

Marriage Vicente Fox married a receptionist at Coca-Cola, Lilian de la Concha. They adopted four children, Ana Cristina, Vicente, Paulina and Rodrigo. In 1990, after 20 years of marriage, Lilian filed for divorce.

Vicente Fox married for the second time while in office. He married Marta Sahagún (until then his spokesperson) on July 2 2001, the first anniversary of his presidential election and his 59th birthday. For both, this was their second marriage.

Early political career After retiring from Coca-Cola, Vicente Fox began to participate in various public activities in Guanajuato, where he created the Patronato de la Casa Cuna Amigo Daniel to provide children with medical care. He was president of Patronato Loyola, a sponsor of the León, Guanajuato campus of the Universidad Iberoamericana and the Lux Institute.

With the support of Manuel Clouthier, Vicente Fox joined the PAN on March 1 1988. That same year he ran for and was elected as a member of the congress representing the III Federal District in Guanajuato. During this period, he was the Coordinator of the Farming Commissions of the PAN fraction.

Governor of Guanajuato After serving in the Congress of Mexico, Fox returned to Guanajuato to seek the governorship. In 1991, he sought the position of governor of Guanajuato but lost to Ramón Aguirre Velázquez of the PRI. Following the election, local discontent was so great that the state Congress appointed Carlos Medina Plasencia of the National Action Party (PAN) as interim governor. Four years later, Fox decided to run again and was elected governor with a large margin at the age of 52. According to Mexico’s Federal Electoral Institute, the result was 58% for Fox, to 32% for the candidate of the PRI. Vicente Fox won a largest landslide victory for opposition party in Mexican history

Since Vicente Fox was elected governor of Guanajuato, the state continues to be governed by candidates of Fox’s party, the PAN.

Campaign for President In 2000, Vicente Fox decided to run for President of Mexico. In spite of opposition within his party, Fox secured his candidacy representing the Alliance for Change, a political coalition formed by the National Action Party and the Ecological Green Party of Mexico. During the course of his campaign a presidential debate was organized. There was a disagreement between the three main contenders, Fox, Francisco Labastida of the PRI and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the PRD, and some of the arguments were broadcast on national television, notably the one on whether the debate should be held that same day or the following Friday Encyclopedia.com. For minutes, Fox kept repeating the word "Hoy" meaning "today", originating the famous phrase "hoy, hoy, hoy!". The other candidates decided to postpone the debate, but Fox used that day's airtime anyway. At first the action brought criticism to Fox, but it soon backfired against his opponents when Fox started using his new phrase to gain new supporters as he campaigned for a better future "today". He claimed that his opponents wanted to leave everything for tomorrow, including Mexico's problems Journal Sentinel, July 28 2001.

During the presidential debate Francisco Labastida, his main opponent, claimed in a nationally televised debate that Vicente Fox had repeatedly called him a "sissy" and a "cross-dresser".http://us-mex.irc-online.org/borderlines/updater/2000/june30Elect.html

His campaign slogans were "Hoy, hoy, hoy!" ("Today, today, today!"), "Ya ganamos" ("We won" or "We've already won") and "Vota Alianza por el Cambio" meaning "Vote for Alliance for Change".

Amigos de Fox Amigos de Fox ("Friends of Fox") was a non-profit fund raising group that was instrumental in getting Vicente Fox elected President of Mexico. The phrase was also used as a campaign slogan referring to the millions of people supporting Fox in the 2000 presidential elections. LaRaza.com

In 2003, money-laundering charges were lodged against the fund raising group, but were dropped a fortnight before the July 2003 mid-term elections. AlertNet.org

Election results On July 2 2000, the day of his 58th birthday, Vicente Fox won the presidential election with 43% (15,989,636 votes) of the popular vote, followed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Francisco Labastida with 36% (13,579,718 votes), and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) with 17% (6,256,780 votes). Vicente Fox declared victory that same night, a victory which was ratified by President Zedillo. After the final results were announced, President-elect Vicente Fox met with thousands of supports at the El Ángel monument in Mexico City, to address his supporters and celebrate his victory. His opponents conceded the election later that night.

President-elect Vicente Fox received an enormous amount of media coverage, as well as many congratulating messages and phone calls from world leaders including the President of the United States at the time, Bill Clinton.

Fox administration Cabinet {| cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="float: left; margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:1px solid #000000;font-size:85%;" align="left"|-|align="left"|OFFICE||align="left"|NAME||align="left"|TERM|-!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3" ||-|align="left"|President of Mexico||align="left" |Vicente Fox Quesada||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#000000" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Secretary of the Interior (Mexico)||align="left"|Santiago Creel Miranda
Carlos María Abascal Carranza||align="left"|2000–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)||align="left"|Jorge Castañeda
Luis Ernesto Derbez]||align="left"|Alejandro Gertz Manero
Ramón Martín Huerta
Eduardo Medina-Mora Icaza||align="left"|2000–2004
2004–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Attorney General of Mexico||align="left"|Rafael Macedo de la Concha
Daniel Cabeza de Vaca]||align="left"|Julio Frenk]||align="left"|Reyes Tamez]||align="left"|Luis Ernesto Derbez
Fernando Canales Clariond
Sergio García de Alba]||align="left"|Carlos María Abascal Carranza
Francisco Javier Salazar Sáenz||align="left"|2000–2005
2005–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Agriculture||align="left"|[Ernesto Martens
Felipe Calderón
Fernando Elizondo Barragán
Fernando Canales Clariond]||align="left"|Francisco Gil Díaz]||align="left"|Pedro Cerisola]||align="left"|Gerardo Clemente Vega ]||align="left"|Marco Antonio Peyrot||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Jefatura del Estado Mayor Presidencial||align="left"|José Armando Tamayo García||align="left"|2000–2006|-!bgcolor="#dcdcdc" colspan="3"||-|align="left"|Secretary of Social Development (Mexico)||align="left"|Josefina Vázquez Mota
Ana Teresa Aranda]||align="left"|Víctor Lichtinger
Alberto Cárdenas Jiménez
José Luis Luege]||align="left"|Leticia Navarro
Rodolfo Elizondo Torres]
Eduardo Romero Ramos||align="left"|2000–2003
2003–2006|}

In contrast with his predecessors, El gabinete de Fox by La Revista Peninsular, "Muchos empresarios, pocos panistas y menos mujeres, conforman un gabinete que rompe de tajo la tradición de hacer de estos puestos el pináculo de una carrera partidista-burocrática." President Fox chose the members of his cabinet through headhuntings. El Gabinete Foxista by Grupo Reforma (In Spanish, Requires Subscription) "Se contrató a cuatro empresas especializadas en la búsqueda de talentos al más alto nivel, que propusieron cerca de 400 candidatos; luego un comité hizo una evaluación previa y finalmente presentaron 120 candidatos con características sobresalientes de acuerdo con sus áreas de especialización y el perfil de solidez ética que había exigido Fox; sobre todo se buscó que tuvieran una gran capacidad de trabajar en equipo para acabar con los feudalismos anteriores. Muchos curricula fueron integrados a una base de datos, con una evaluación previa. Ciertas figuras que eran mencionadas en los diferentes medios tuvieron entrevistas con el comité de selección y algunos llegaron a la recta final, quedando fuera perfiles destacados, como Julio Boltvinik y otros." Fox y sus cazadores de cabezas by Milenio Diario, "La vida para las empresas de head hunters en México no es la misma desde hace poco más de una semana. Las oficinas de Korn/Ferry International, una firma especializada en la búsqueda de talento, ubicadas en Montes Urales, en Lomas de Chapultepec, nunca habían sido tan visitadas como ahora. ¿El motivo? Un anuncio publicado en la prensa nacional, en el que se informaba que la consultoría se encargaría de reclutar al personal necesario para integrar tanto el gabinete de Vicente Fox, como los recursos humanos de alto nivel que se requirieran en las diversas Secretarías de Estado. At the beginning of his term, Fox dubbed his Cabinet as "el gabinetazo" ("the Super Cabinet"), as a way to recognize the capacity of the Cabinet members. Un gabinete fragmentado by Octavio Islas in "Razon y Palabra" Magazzine; "Cada día podemos confirmar que el calificativo de "gabinetazo" que empleó el presidente Vicente Fox Quezada para destacar la capacidad de quienes asumirían los principales mandos en su administración, en realidad le quedó demasiado grande al amorfo grupo que logró conformar" Fox had originally stated that the Cabinet chosen at the beginning of his term would last 6 years, throughout his term, however, this did not happen. Los cambios en el gabinetazo by Televisa "Contratados por seis años, les dijo el Presidente. Pero varios no pudieron cumplir con este plazo.". One of the members of his cabinet was Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (subsequently elected President of Mexico), who served as Secretary of Energy for eight months, and resigned under pressure for his Presidential ambitions,http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=111534&tabla=nacionhttp://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=111545&tabla=nacion when competing for the nomination of his party against Secretary of the Interior, Santiago Creel.http://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=118309&tabla=nacionhttp://www2.eluniversal.com.mx/pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=117064&tabla=nacion

Economy Vicente Fox was one of the few Presidents to avoid a major economic upheaval during office. During the three decades before Fox was elected, Mexico experienced some level of economic devaluations at the end of three of the four presidential terms from 1970 to 1994, until Ernesto Zedillo who let the peso-dollar parity float at the beginning of his term (1994-2000). Zedillo inherited the office to Fox without any economic urgency. In 2006, Vicente Fox, like Zedillo did in 2000, left the office to his successor without any currency devaluation or other financial trouble.

According to Banco de México (Mexico's Central Bank), inflation rates during Fox term went from 11%, in January 2000, at the beginning of his term, to 4.05% on December 2006, at the end of his term. Throughout most of Fox' term, inflation was consistently below 6%, mostly around 4.5%. According to the Central Bank, inflation hadn't been as low as during Fox's term since before 1973 (the lowest inflation record between January 1973 and December of 1999 was above 6%, most frequently going in double, sometimes triple-digits). Indices de Precios al Consumidor published by Banco de México] Thanks to the Fox government's disciplined spending, Mexico created an estimated 1 million new jobs in 2006, a record.http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/stories/MYSA052607.01D.hendricks.2e038a2.html

GDP growth dropped from an average of 5.1% in the Zedillo's administration "Mexico's Domestic Economy", in Mexico's Democracy at Work: Political and Economic Dynamics, Crandall, Paz and Roett (editors) Lynne Reiner Publishers, United States to the lowest in a decade, an average of 2.2% during Fox's administration El Universal, June 21 2006.. According to Fox's first government report address (equivalent to the state of the union address in the United States) Primer Informe de Gobierno, September 1 2001., some sectors affected were mining ((-1.5% growth), manufacturing (-2.28% growth), and construction (-5.36%). At the same time the following sectors did not decrease: electricity, gas and water (1.76% growth), services (2.65%).

Fox's cabinet blamed the low growth on the slow-down of the Economy of the United States, but as this country started growing again in 2002-2003 Mexico did not grow at the same pace and was surpassed by China as the second import partner of the United States CIA Factbook on the United States.. Fox had promised growth of 7% during his campaign and blamed Congress for the low economic growth but his administration had foreseen growth of 3.4% even without the approval of structural reforms, especially fiscal reforms.

Tax revenue as a proportion of GDP fell from 10.6% at the beginning of his administration to 9.7% at the end of his termFoxEconomy. In contrast with previous administrations, debt as a proportion of GDP did not grow during Fox's termFoxEconomy.

Minimum wages during Fox increased at a nominal rate of 34% from $35.12 Mexican peso per day in January 2000 to $47.05 in December 2006. However, when translated to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), real wages during Fox decreased 3.8%, from $80.27 PPP pesos in January 2000, to $77.07 PPP pesos in December 2006. According to Banco de México, this compares favorably to previous administrations, for wages had decreased by 305% from $296.22 PPP pesos per day in January 1976, to $73.91 PPP pesos per day on December of 1999. Minimum wages had decreased, in real terms, an average of 38% per Presidential administration from 1976 to 2000.http://www.banxico.org.mx/SieInternet/consultarDirectorioInternetAction.do?accion=consultarCuadro&idCuadro=CL88§or=10&locale=es

During Vicente Fox's term, the number of registered taxpayers grew by 35%. According to data by the Tributary Administration Service, the main driver behind this increase was growth in salary-based workers, starting in 2004, and that amounted to a 217% rate of growth compared to 2000 for this group of taxpayers. The more than 12 million salary-based workers who are registered to pay tax constitute 56% of the taxpaying base. Registro de contribuyentes crece 35% en el sexenio de Fox by El Universal (Mexico City). "Registro Federal de Contribuyentes reportó un crecimiento de 35.37%, informó el Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT).El gran motor que impulsó la base de contribuyentes fue la incorporación masiva de asalariados que comenzó a partir de 2004. "A partir de 2004 se empezó a registrar a los asalariados, creciendo el padrón de RFC 217.57%, respecto del total de los contribuyentes registrados a diciembre de 2000", expuso el SAT. La información de la autoridad detalla que existen 12 millones 760 mil contribuyentes agrupados en asalariados, que constituyen 56% del total registrados."

Job creation stalled during the first four years of Fox's administration. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit La Jornada, May 21 2005 not only jobs were not created from 2000-2004 but the number of street vendors increased 40%. This workforce does not pay income or sales tax and significant minority of it participates on illicit activities such as smuggling of foreign goods and piracy. The latter grew during Fox's term to a multi-billion industry that produces 8 billion dollars a year La Jornada, February 22 2007.. Net sales of the clothing industry in Mexico is calculated at approximately 1,500 million dollars, of which 910 million dollars are from clothing smuggled into the country ManufacturaWeb..

The number of registered workers afiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute decreased from 11,026,370 in December 2000 to 10,881,160JobCreation. Unemployment increased from 2.7% in 2002 to 3.2 in 2003, and the number of non-payroll workers increased to 20 million people or roughly half of the population able to work. Jobs in maquiladoras decreased by 30% United Nations Development Programme, 2000-2003 Mexico report.

Housing was among Vicente Fox's top priorities. By 2006, the Infonavit, the federal fund for workers' housing, had 60% "market share" in the mortgage business, granting 435,000 credits a year, with an expected yearly growth of 24%. Pramerica Real Estate Investors

During Vicente Fox, the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores reached record highs throughout his Presidency. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico by El Universal (Mexico City) on December 11 2005. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico by El Universal (Mexico City) on January 7 2006. Alcanza Bolsa Mexicana nuevo máximo histórico, gana 1.25% by El Universal (Mexico City) on April 29 2006. The record highs were caused by a better economic outlook throughout his term, larger international reserves, and a better debt rating that led to lower interest rates. El riesgo país de México se colocó en niveles mínimos by El Universal (Mexico City)

In 2002, Mexico reached a GDP per capita of 9,381 dollars per year and thus became a medium-high income country El Universal, México pasa de beneficiario a aportador del PNUD, May 9 2007.. Five years later, Mexico went from beneficiary to full contributor of the United Nations Development Programme.

Mexico suffered a drop in competitiveness during Fox's administration. In 2006, Mexico took the 56th place of 60 countries in the World Competitiveness Yearbook due to poor infrastructure and ease of doing business as well as the inability of reducing manufacturing costs such as electricity. ManufacturaWeb.. Regrettably the large investment in infrastructure in the country during Fox did not translate in lower costs for manufacturers. The efforts Fox's government did not produce the expected results because of a lack of coordination between government bodies. To address this in 2004, Fox launched an Economic Policy for Competitivity ("Política Económica para la Competitividad" or PEC) however, improvement in this area is expected only after the year 2013 ManufacturaWeb..

Human Development {| style="width: 18em; font-size: 85%; text-align: left;" class="infobox"|-!align="center" bgcolor="lightblue" colspan="3"|Human Development Index (HDI)
in Mexico|-! style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Year!align="center" style="background:#e9e9e9;" | HDI1!align="center" style="background:#e9e9e9;" | Annual increase (%)|-| 1975|align=right| 0.689|align=right| 1.335|-| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |1985| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right| 0.755| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right| 0.544|-| 1990|align=right| 0.764|align=right| 0.238|-| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |1995| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right|0.782| style="background:#f0f0f0;" align=right|0.471|-|2000|align=right|0.809|align=right|0.206|-| 2003| align=right|0.814 |-|-|colspan=3 style="background:#e9e9e9;" align=center|1 Source: United Nations Development Programme, 2005 Human Development Reports], 2005 Human Development Reports|-|}

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of living for countries worldwide. The table on the right shows the Human Development Index (HDI) of Mexico from 1975 to 2003 along with yearly percentage increases.

HDI improved in the first three years of the Fox administration 0.206% annually, the lowest increase in almost three decades. During the last year of the Zedillo administration Mexico reached for the first time in history, a HDI of 0.8 which is considered to represent high development.http://www.business.duq.edu/faculty/davies/research/hdi.pdf.

In addition, it is important to note that during the first three years of the presidency of Vicente Fox, many countries such as Canada, France and Great Britain, reported low increases and even some decreases while countries like Cuba HDI:Cuba surpassed Mexico at 0.817 as well as Costa Rica with a 0.838 HDI HDI:Costa Rica and Argentina with a 0.863 HDI HDI:Argentina., Brazil's HDI increased 1.17% from 2000 to 2003 HDI:Brazil while Mexico's HDI only increased 0.62% from 2000 to 2003.

According to Trinity University economics department Chairman Jorge Gonzalez, the Fox record on human development is remarkable and thanks to the thoughtful initiatives of President Fox, "Mexico is finally acting like a developed nation."http://www.mysanantonio.com/business/stories/MYSA052607.01D.hendricks.2e038a2.html

Relations with Congress In his inaugural speech, Vicente Fox said that with his Presidency started a new era of relations between the Separation of powers. "The President will propose, and the Congress will dispose", he said. This implied that, contrary to what was perceived of Presidents before him, Fox would respect the separation of powers and negotiate with Congress of Mexico any political reform that he wished to undertake "El Congreso Propone y el Congreso Dispone: las nuevas relaciones entre el ejecutivo y el legislativo en México by Benito Nacif of Universidad Iberoamericana.

The first major controversy between Fox and Congress occurred during the discussion of a comprehensive tax reform Comenzaron los jaloneos legislativos por la reforma fiscal by Proceso. that included a Value added tax#Mexico of 15% on food and medicine. Congress rejected the reform as proposed by Fox.

From then on, Fox's term was characterized by the strained relation between the Legislature and the Executive (government). Lawmakers from the opposition parties admitted they had a hard time dealing with Fox, while lawmakers from Fox's party claimed that there were "legislative excesses". Tormentosa, relación Ejecutivo-Legislativo con Fox: PRI y PAN by Diario de México

In his last annual state of the union address in September 2006, President Fox was prevented by leftist lawmakers from delivering his speech. He became the first president to not read his report before Congress and instead gave a televised address to the nation http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/americas/09/01/mexico.protest.ap/index.html.

Foreign policy Before Vicente Fox, Mexico had a Foreign Policy "doctrine" known as the Estrada Doctrine, so named after its creator, Genaro Estrada (Secretary of Foreign Affairs during the Presidency of Pascual Ortiz Rubio). The Estrada Doctrine was a foreign policy directorate that favored an enclosed view of sovereignty. It claimed that foreign governments should not judge, for good or bad, governments or changes in governments in other nations, because it would imply a breach to its sovereignty "la doctrina Estrada dice que México no debe juzgar, ni para bien ni para mal, los gobiernos ni los cambios en el gobierno de otras naciones porque implicaría una intromisión en su soberanía." .

President Fox appointed Jorge Castañeda to be his Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Mexico). Castañeda immediately broke with the Estrada Doctrine, promoting what was called by critics the Castañeda Doctrine. The new foreign policy called for an openness and an acceptance of criticism from the international community, and the increase of national involvement in Foreign Affairs. "La nueva diplomacia mexicana se definió con base en el cambio político inaugurado el 2 de julio del 2000 y en las transformaciones del mundo. Por tanto, México será activo en defensa de la democracia que le costó muchos años consolidar por la vía de la alternancia."

During Fox's term, Mexico actively sought (and gained) a temporary position in the UN Security Council.http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/membship/election/2001/1009mexico.htm. However, Luis Ernesto Derbez, Fox's Secretary of Foreign Affairs after Castañeda, unsuccessfully ran for the Presidency of the Organization of American States which was lost to Chilean José Miguel Insulza.

Mexico hosted several international summits during Fox's administrationhttp://www.allbusiness.com/north-america/mexico/189139-1.html. In the Monterrey Summit of 2001, which ended in the adoption of the Monterrey Consensus, President Fox and his Foreign Relations cabinet were protagonists of one of the most serious diplomatic scandals of his administration. For the Summit, many heads of State where invited to the International Conference on Financing for Development. However, in the early stages of the meeting Cuban President Fidel Castro surprisingly stood and said that he was leaving the city because of a "a special situation created by my participation in this Summit". Fox repeatedly denied Castro's allegations that he was asked to leave the summit, as per the U.S. request.http://www.radioformula.com.mx/programas/lopezdoriga/articulos.asp?ID=9023 A few days after the incident, a recorded phone call between Fox and Castro where the Mexican president asks Castro to leave before George W. Bush arrived to the summit was leaked to the press.http://www.worldpress.org/Americas/518.cfm.

Relations with the United States , Fox and Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper stand in front of "El Castillo, Chichen Itza", Chichen Itza on Thursday, March 30 2006.In the opinion of editorialists in the media and think tanks like COHA, the Castañeda Doctrine was "overtly submissive" to the United States. COHA's opinion was based on Mexico's support of Guatemala for a seat in the UN Security council, instead of supporting Venezuela, the contending candidate for the seathttp://www.williambowles.info/americas/fox_chooses_us.html. Andres Manuel López Obrador criticized the "Castañeda Doctrine", saying that Mexico should not "get involved in the internal lives of other people, because we do not want other people involved in our internal lives" http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/02/AR2006030202221.html. Indeed, the new foreign policy doctrine openly invited other nations to scrutinize Mexican internal affairs, in contrast with the previously prevalent Estrada Doctrine, which was criticized as an excuse to negate foreign criticism on the previous establishment. Finally, José Galán, an editorialist in La Jornada, accused the Fox government of not doing enough to stop border violence against Mexican nationalshttp://www.jornada.unam.mx/2004/08/11/044n2soc.php?origen=soc-jus.php&fly=2. However, during the country's appointment to the UN Security Council, Mexico did not support the War in Iraq,http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/03/21/iraq/main545101.shtml damaging US-Mexico relations.http://www.usbc.org/info/newslet/BA0503.pdf#search='Vicente%20Fox%20criticism%20war%20Iraq'

During Fox's administration, Mexico pushed negotiations for a immigration reform that addressed the problem of illegal immigration to the United States. The issue has been called "The Whole Enchilada" by Fox's administration, and states that "immigration reform in the United States should address mutual border problems, the rights of undocumented immigrants, and the development of regions in Mexico that 'expel' migrants".http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=32797. However, according to former U.S. embassador to Mexico Jeffrey Davidow, no formal negotiations occurred between the parties, all discussions on the subject were informal. http://www.elpais.es/articulo/reportajes/oso/puercoespin/elpdomrpj/20040104elpdmgrep_3/Tes/

The Immigration reform that Fox hoped to achieve included a Foreign worker, "The best thing that can happen to both our countries is to have an orderly flow, a controlled flow, of migration to the United States"http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/world/mexico/stories/DN-mexicofox_30int.ART.State.Edition2.e950034.html .This reform was supported by president Bush and approved by the U.S. Senate, however, the bill was rejected by the House of Representativeshttp://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/immigration;_ylt=A86.I1NlGTZEThIBNBxnr7sF;_ylu=X3oDMTA0cDJlYmhvBHNlYwM-. According to the Washington Post, the hopes for the approval of the bill are lower than ever and have been complicated by the recent approval of the SBI (Secure Border Initiative), a bill that includes building a 700 mile triple fence between the U.S. and Mexico.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/30/AR2006093000490.html

During Fox's presidency the net migration rate in Mexico increased 152% from -2.84 migrants per 1,000 habitants in 2000http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35389/2000/net_migration_rate.html to -4.32 in 2006; Mexico, The CIA factbook. comparably in the same period the population growth decreased 35% from 1.57%http://globalis.gvu.unu.edu/indicator_detail.cfm?IndicatorID=29&Country=MX to 1.16%. Fox, who has said to be "proud" of the Mexican Immigrants in the U.S.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/24/AR2006052402389.html has acknowledged the importance of remittances by both legal and illegal Mexican workers in the U.S. (now the #1 source of revenue for the country)http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/21/MNGFQIVNAF1.DTLhttp://www.signonsandiego.com/news/mexico/20030924-2051-us-mexico.html'; sparking criticism from U.S. conservatives that claim that Mexico advocates soft migration policies to continue the influx of foreign generated capital instead of promoting a healthier economy that offers better opportunities to Mexicans slowing migration to the UShttp://www.federalistjournal.com/fedblog/?p=2767http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico/Economy#Remittances

Relations with Latin American countries Fox created a plan to develop Central America, called the Plan Puebla Panama. He has been criticized for his support of it.http://www.iadb.org/ppp/http://www.projectcensored.org/publications/2004/16.html http://www.corpwatch.org/article.php?id=3953

Vicente Fox had several controversies with Latin American countries such as with president of Cuba, Fidel Castro after the Monterrey Summit as well as the president of Argentina, Néstor Kirchner related to the FTAA during the 2005 Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas, and with Ricardo Lagos, then President of Chile regarding the new OAS Secretary General election, 2005 details and president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, about his presumed support for the U.S. president George W. Bush.

2005 Summit at Mar del Plata The Mar del Plata Summit of the Americas took place on November 4th and November 5 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Fox assisted with the other 33 presidents of countries in the Americas Mar del Plata Summit. Fox would attempt to reinitiate talks of support for the creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Fox viaja a Mar del Plata para darle fuerza al ALCA, November 2, 2005.. However, discussion on the FTAA was not in the agenda of the Summit.

Upon his arrival to Mar del Plata, Hugo Chávez, president of Venezuela declared Leave dissenters out of trade pact: Fox:"Today the FTAA is dead and we are going to bury it here. We are here to change the course of history.", Taipei Times, November 6, 2005.:

Fox responded that the FTAA could be created with all of the countries in the Americas with the exception of Venezuela or the countries of the Mercosur Título: Brazil's Lula: Doha Talks Take Precedence Over FTAA Close, November 6, 2005.

Marco Aurelio Garcia, one of the closest advisers to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil, declared that Fox carried himself with haste in supporting the FTAA Brasil dice que Fox metió la pata en Mar del Plata, November 29, 2005.. Garcia declared that Fox's comment that the FTAA would be created with or without the Mercosur angered many. Fox did not applaud after Néstor Kirchner's presentation at the Summit, and when Fox attempted to bring the issue of the FTAA Kirchner that the FTAA was not the topic at hand at the Summit El cortocircuito entre Kirchner y Fox en las portadas de los diarios mexicanos, La Nación, November 9, 2005.. Fox responded to the press declaring that Kirchner was more concerned with pleasing people in his country than the success of the Summit. Kirchner replied that Fox should attend to the Mexicans because it was the Argentine people who voted for him.The parliamentary groups of the PAN, PRI, PRD and PVEM at the Senate of Mexico approve a motion to express their disillusionment about the performance of Fox and Derbez, his Secretary of Foreign Affairs, at the Summit Senado mexicano lamenta actuación de Fox en Mar del Plata, November 10, 2005.

Education, science, and technology According to René Drucker Colín, coordinator of basic science research for National Autonomous University of Mexico, "no other government in recent history has neglected research in the basic sciences as Fox's".http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/09/22/053n2soc.php Fox's plan for the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACYT, was that by 2006 this organization would receive 1% of the GDP, however the budget for this organization for FY 2006 was 0.33% of the GDP. http://gaceta.cicese.mx/ver.php?topico=especial&ejemplar=106&id=40 http://gaceta.cicese.mx/ver.php?topico=secciones&ejemplar=95&sid=3&id=1474&n=Pol%C3%ADtica%20Cient%C3%ADfica . Federal Government investment on Research and development in 2004 was 0.41% in Mexico versus 0.95% in Brazil and 0.6% in Chile Gasto en desarrollo e investigación, El Universal, March 16 2007..

José Vasconcelos Library The José Vasconcelos Library, labeled by the press as the "Megabiblioteca" ("megalibrary"), is considered the largest investment in infrastructure in the Fox administration. The library is spread on 38,000 square meters Arranca la megabiblioteca, May 11, 2006. and had an initial planned cost of 954 million pesos (roughly 98 million dollars) En orden los recursos de Biblioteca Vasconcelos: CAPFCE, April 4, 2006..

Fox inaugurated the Library May 16, 2006 declaring that this is one of the most advanced constructions of the 21st century, and it would be spoken of throughout the world Inaugura Fox megabiblioteca "José Vasconcelos", May 16, 2006.. This inauguration took place a week before the deadline the president had to promote his accomplishments before the 2006 presidential election La Biblioteca Vasconcelos, Universia, May 18, 2006.

The Library had to be closed down in March 2007 because of defects of construction La ASF pide fincar responsabilidad a funcionarios de Vicente Fox, March 30, 2007.. The Superior Auditor of the Federation detected 36 irregularities in its construction and issued 13 motions of responsibility for public servants of the federal government. Among the irregularities found was the misplacement of marble blocks at a cost of 15 million pesos (roughly 1.4 million dollars).

During the Calderón administration efforts to restore it continued with a further investment of 32 million pesos (roughly 30 million dollars) 32 mdp más a la ´megabiblioteca´, El Universal, May 31, 2007.

2006 presidential election Fox openly expressed his support to Felipe Calderón and his dislike towards his opponent populist Andrés Manuel López Obrador prior to and during the 2006 elections. On Chapter 14 of Luis Mandoki's ¿Quién es el señor López? documentary titled "Foxilandia" Who is Mr. López?, Chapter 14: "Foxilandia" Alfonso Durazo, Fox's former personal secretary, declared that no previous President was ever as active campaigning for candidates of his own party as was Fox. After Calderón's win, the elections were contested by López Obrador. The Electoral Tribunal of the Judicial Power of the Federation declared the election to be clean but highlighted Fox's influence in it, declaring that it was the greatest irregularity in the election. Alfonsina Bertha Navarro, minister of the Electoral Tribunal, declared Injerencia de Fox, irregularidad mayor del proceso: magistrados, La Jornada, September 6, 2006.:

In August 2006, El Universal (Mexico City) polled 600 people in Mexico City, where López Obrador served as Head of Government from 2000 to 2005, and 59% believed that the 2006 elections were fraudulent and 63% believed votes should have been recounted Se opone al plantón 65% en DF: encuesta, El Universal, August 14, 2006.. In February 2007, Fox declared about the Desafuero of AMLO Fox: perdí una ante AMLO, pero me desquité, February 13, 2007.:

Social Conflicts Texcoco and San Salvador Atenco In 2001, Fox announced the construction of a 2.3 billion dollar international airport in the municipalities of Texcoco, México and San Salvador Atenco in the State of México to relieve congestion at the overcrowded Mexico City airport, the busiest in Latin America. This new airport would bring thousands of new jobs to an area ravaged by extreme poverty..

The proposed airport plan would relocate 4,375 families and convert 5,000 hectares of farmland A-Infos. Peasants from these areas resisted relocation and formed the Community Front in Defense of Land in 2002. Soon the protests turned violent and protesters held hostages and state forces had to be sent to negotiate their release, while Fox announced no change in plans had been considered Mexican Farmers Hold off Police in Airport Battle, July 14, 2002.. After the federal government's failure to negotiate with the farmers the plans for the new airport had to be canceled. The protesters, many of which wore black ski mask made famous by rebels in Chiapas became instant heroes to poor farmers nationwide. while journalists, like Sergio Sarmiento called this issue "the biggest failure" of Fox's tenure and declared:

This is in spite of the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.

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